Humanoid & General-Purpose Robot Makers
Companies building full humanoid, biped, and general-purpose robots, from factory and warehouse workers to research platforms and social robots.
Apptronik
Developer of Apollo, a general-purpose humanoid robot aimed at manufacturing and logistics tasks, along with earlier exoskeleton and actuator research. The company works with industrial partners on pilot deployments.
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Builds general-purpose humanoid robots for commercial work and the home, and develops its own vision-language-action model to control them. The company publishes demos of its robots doing logistics and household tasks.
Agility Robotics
Maker of Digit, a two-legged humanoid built for warehouse and logistics work such as moving totes. Agility runs a dedicated humanoid factory in Oregon and sells into industrial deployments.
Sanctuary AI
Canadian company building humanoid robots and the control software behind them, with a focus on dexterous hydraulic hands and teleoperation-to-autonomy pipelines for industrial tasks.
Unitree Robotics
Chinese maker of quadruped robots and the G1 and H1 humanoids, known for selling legged robots at far lower prices than Western competitors. It also sells its own actuators and lidar.
Galbot
Beijing company building wheeled humanoid robots for retail and service work, paired with its own grasping and manipulation models. It operates unmanned stores using its robots.
Boston Dynamics
Long-running robotics company behind the Atlas humanoid, the Spot quadruped and the Stretch box-handling robot. It is owned by Hyundai and sells Spot and Stretch commercially.
Clone Robotics
Polish company building musculoskeletal humanoid robots driven by artificial muscles rather than conventional electric joints, including a synthetic hand and torso.
Richtech Robotics
Nasdaq-listed Las Vegas company making service robots for hospitality and healthcare, including beverage robots and delivery robots, plus a humanoid product line.
RobotEra
Beijing humanoid startup spun out of Tsinghua University research, developing full-stack humanoid hardware and control software including the STAR and XBot lines.
Toyota Research Institute
Toyota's US research arm, whose robotics group works on large behavior models, home-assistance robots and manipulation research shared through open publications.
UBTECH Robotics
Publicly listed Chinese robot maker with the Walker humanoid line plus education and commercial service robots. It runs humanoid pilots in automotive factories.
Maxtronics (formerly Aldebaran)
European maker of the NAO and Pepper social humanoids used in education, research and customer-facing roles. The business now trades under the Maxtronics name.
AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics)
Chinese humanoid startup founded by a former Huawei engineer, producing the Yuanzheng and Lingxi robot lines along with open datasets and embodied-AI models.
Engineered Arts
UK manufacturer of Ameca and other social humanoid robots used for exhibitions, research and human-robot interaction, with an emphasis on facial expression.
Kawasaki Robotics
Japanese industrial robot maker with a long catalog of arms and controllers, and a humanoid and rideable robot research line including Kaleido and Corleo.
Pudu Robotics
Large service-robot manufacturer for restaurants, hotels and cleaning, which has expanded into semi-humanoid and humanoid platforms for commercial work.
Hanson Robotics
Hong Kong maker of expressive social humanoids, including Sophia, built around lifelike faces and conversational AI for research, media and education.
Honda Robotics
Honda's robotics program, which produced the ASIMO humanoid and continues with avatar robots, walking assist devices and autonomous work vehicles.
Realbotix
Publicly traded company making modular humanoid robots with realistic faces and conversational AI, sold for companionship, hospitality and events.
Fourier Intelligence
Started in rehabilitation robotics and exoskeletons, now builds the GR series of general-purpose humanoid robots for research and care settings.
NEURA Robotics
German company building cognitive robots that combine cobot arms with sensing and AI, including the 4NE-1 humanoid and the MiPA service robot.
Rainbow Robotics
Korean company that grew out of the KAIST HUBO humanoid program and now sells collaborative arms, mobile manipulators and humanoid platforms.
XPENG Robotics
Electric-vehicle maker developing the IRON humanoid robot, reusing its vehicle AI, chips and manufacturing lines. The company has published production-line milestones for the robot.
Tesla (Optimus)
Automaker developing Optimus, a humanoid robot intended to use the same AI and manufacturing base as its vehicles. Progress is published through the company's AI pages and events.
PAL Robotics
Barcelona manufacturer of humanoid and mobile research robots such as TALOS, TIAGo and ARI, widely used in European research projects.
United Robotics Group
European service-robotics group that brings together several robot brands, including cobot and humanoid-adjacent products, and deploys them in care, hospitality and labs.
Weave Robotics
San Francisco startup building a home robot with arms that tidies and does chores, offered to early customers on a subscription.
Temi (Robotemi)
Maker of temi, a wheeled personal robot with a screen and autonomous navigation, sold for hospitality, healthcare and home use.
Booster Robotics
Sells humanoid robots aimed at developers, universities and robot competitions, with an SDK for custom motion and AI research.
1X Technologies
Builds humanoid robots for the home, including the NEO android, and earlier wheeled humanoid EVE for commercial use. The company is Norwegian with US operations.
KEENON Robotics
Shanghai maker of delivery, disinfection and cleaning service robots used in restaurants, hotels and hospitals worldwide.
Knightscope
Sunnyvale maker of autonomous security robots and emergency call boxes, offered to clients as a subscription service.
ANYbotics
Swiss ETH Zurich spinoff selling the ANYmal quadruped for autonomous inspection of industrial plants, with its own inspection software and docking stations.
OrionStar
Beijing service-robot company making delivery, greeting and coffee-making robots for retail and hospitality venues.
Cobalt AI
San Francisco Bay Area company that started with an indoor security robot and now sells AI monitoring that plugs into existing cameras and access control.
Questions
Frequently asked questions
What counts as humanoid & general-purpose robot makers?
Companies building full humanoid, biped, and general-purpose robots, from factory and warehouse workers to research platforms and social robots.
What are humanoid & general-purpose robot makers?
Companies building full humanoid, biped, and general-purpose robots, from factory and warehouse workers to research platforms and social robots.
Can I buy a humanoid robot today?
A few companies sell or lease to businesses and research groups. Consumer availability is limited. Each maker's site states its current status.